History of Multan
Multan, famously known as the “City of Saints,” is one of the oldest living cities in South Asia, with a history that stretches back thousands of years. Ancient records suggest that Multan was once a flourishing center of the Indus Valley Civilization and later became an important hub for trade and culture due to its strategic location. Over centuries, it has witnessed the rise and fall of great empires including the Greeks, Mauryans, and Kushans, each leaving behind traces of their influence on the city’s heritage.
During the Islamic era, Multan rose to prominence as a spiritual and cultural capital, renowned for its grand mosques, majestic shrines, and vibrant bazaars. The arrival of Sufi saints in the 11th and 12th centuries gave Multan its famous title—the “City of Saints.” Their teachings of peace, tolerance, and spirituality continue to shape the city’s identity and attract pilgrims from all over the world.
City of Multan
The Early Years of Independence (1947–1950s)
When Pakistan was created in 1947, Multan became part of the new nation and quickly adapted to its changed identity. Thousands of refugees from India settled in the city, reshaping its culture and society. Traditional neighborhoods grew alongside newly established colonies, giving Multan a more diverse population. Despite the challenges of partition, the city preserved its ancient shrines and bazaars while adjusting to the demands of modern statehood. Agriculture remained the backbone of Multan’s economy, with cotton and wheat leading production in the surrounding fertile lands.
Agricultural Growth and Social Change (1950s–1960s)
During the 1950s and 1960s, Multan’s role as an agricultural hub strengthened further. The expansion of irrigation systems and canals helped farmers increase crop yields. Mango orchards gained fame, and Multan became known for producing some of the finest mangoes in the world. Socially, the city began to modernize, with the opening of schools, colleges, and healthcare facilities. However, poverty and lack of industrialization slowed down progress. Still, Multan managed to maintain its cultural identity while slowly embracing new ways of life.
Political Awareness and Local Movements (1960s–1970s)
In the 1960s and 1970s, Multan witnessed a rise in political activity. The people actively participated in national movements and local politics, shaping their city’s voice in the country’s democratic process. The city became a center for rallies and public gatherings, reflecting its importance in national affairs. Educational institutions expanded, and Multan’s youth played a vital role in spreading awareness. Meanwhile, the bazaars and shrines continued to thrive, keeping the spiritual and commercial life of the city vibrant.
Economic Expansion and Industry (1970s–1980s)
The 1970s and 1980s marked a period of growth for Multan’s economy. Alongside agriculture, small industries such as handicrafts, ceramics, and textiles began to flourish. Multan became famous for its blue pottery, embroidered clothes, and handmade crafts, which attracted buyers from across Pakistan. New government projects improved roads, electricity, and water supply, making life more convenient for citizens. The population grew steadily, and new housing colonies were built to accommodate the city’s expansion.
Cultural Strength and Identity (1980s)
In the 1980s, Multan earned greater recognition for its cultural and spiritual identity. The shrines of Sufi saints such as Shah Rukn-e-Alam and Bahauddin Zakariya attracted thousands of devotees and tourists. Annual Urs celebrations became significant events, bringing together people from across the region. The city also developed a reputation for sports, particularly cricket, with Multan Stadium hosting important matches. These cultural and recreational activities gave Multan a unique identity, balancing tradition with modern aspirations.
Urban Expansion (1990s)
The 1990s saw Multan transform into a rapidly expanding urban center. Shopping plazas, new schools, and residential colonies changed the city’s landscape. Commercial areas such as Hussain Agahi and Cantt became busier with shops, markets, and services. However, this rapid expansion also created challenges like traffic congestion, pollution, and overcrowding. Despite these difficulties, Multan continued to grow as a regional hub, offering opportunities for trade, education, and employment to people from surrounding towns and villages.
Education and Health Improvements (2000s)
In the early 2000s, Multan began to see major improvements in the fields of education and healthcare. Universities such as Bahauddin Zakariya University and Nishtar Medical University expanded, attracting students from across South Punjab. Hospitals like Nishtar Hospital became leading medical institutions, serving thousands of patients daily. These developments improved the quality of life and strengthened Multan’s position as an educational and healthcare hub. Meanwhile, the city’s agricultural exports, especially mangoes and cotton, grew stronger in international markets.
Infrastructure and Connectivity (2010–2015)
The 2010s brought large-scale infrastructural projects that reshaped Multan’s connectivity. The construction of Multan International Airport allowed direct flights to international destinations, boosting business and tourism. Roads and flyovers improved traffic flow, while new housing schemes provided modern living spaces. The Multan Metro Bus Project, launched in this period, modernized public transport and made commuting easier for thousands of residents. These advancements highlighted the government’s focus on developing South Punjab and gave Multan greater accessibility.
Modernization and Tourism (2015–2020)
Between 2015 and 2020, Multan emerged as a blend of history and modernity. The preservation of Multan Fort, shrines, and historic bazaars attracted tourists from across Pakistan and abroad. Shopping malls, restaurants, and hotels developed rapidly, catering to the growing urban population and visitors. Sports facilities, including the renovated Multan Cricket Stadium, hosted international matches, placing the city in the global spotlight. Despite modernization, Multan maintained its spiritual charm, with its shrines continuing to serve as centers of peace and devotion.
Multan Today (2020–Present)
In recent years, Multan has established itself as one of Pakistan’s most dynamic cities. It plays a vital role in agriculture, exporting mangoes, cotton, and handicrafts worldwide. The city has seen growth in technology, education, and healthcare, with new universities, IT parks, and medical facilities emerging. Modern housing societies and business centers reflect its urban progress, while its cultural and religious heritage attracts both pilgrims and tourists. Today, Multan stands as a proud symbol of resilience, blending its ancient history with the energy of modern development, and continues to shine as the heart of South Punjab.